Niveles de proteína carbonilada y capacidad antioxidante total en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico y enfermedad periodontal / Carbonylated protein levels and total antioxidante capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of recent diagnosis and periodontal disease

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de proteínas carboniladas y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT) en fluido crevicular gingival (FCG) de pacientes con recién diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) con periodontitis crónica (PC), sujetos con PC y sujetos con gingivitis (G). Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en sujetos de ambos sexos (35-55 años). Se formaron tres grupos: DM2+PC, PC y G. Se incluyeron sujetos con ≤ 1.6 años de DM2 con PC. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos y periodontales. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo (OxS) se determinaron por colorimetría y se cuantificaron por espectrofotometría. Se utilizó ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis para observar diferencias entre los grupos y se analizaron las correlaciones con Pearson/Spearman. Resultados: El grupo DM2 + PC mostró un incremento significativo en la edad, índice de masa corporal y glucosa en comparación con los grupos PC y G. La profundidad de la bolsa (PD), pérdida de inserción, sangrado e índice gingival fueron mayores en el grupo DM2 + PC versus grupos PC y G (p < 0.001). No se encontró diferencia entre los grupos en CAT. El grupo DM2 + PC mostró mayor concentración de proteínas carboniladas versus grupo G (p = 0.03). PD correlacionó directamente con LDL en el grupo DM2 + PC (p = 0.04). Conclusión: Las proteínas carboniladas en el grupo DM2 + PC presentaron una diferencia significativa, indicando el daño oxidativo sinérgico de ambas patologías. La concentración de CAT tiende a elevarse en el grupo DM2 + PC, probablemente como un mecanismo compensatorio en busca del restablecimiento de homeostasis (AU)

Objective: To compare the concentrations of carbonylated proteins and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with chronic periodontitis (CP), subjects with CP and subjects with gingivitis (G). Material and methods: Cross-sectional study in subjects of both sexes (35-55 years). Three groups were formed: DM2 + CP, CP and G. Subjects with ≤ 1.6 years of DM2 with CP were included. Clinical and periodontal parameters were evaluated. OxS markers were determined by colorimetry and quantified by spectrophotometry. ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis was used to observe differences between the groups and the correlations were analyzed with Pearson/Spearman tests. Results: The DM2 + CP group showed a significant increase in age, body mass index and glucose in comparison with groups CP and G. The depth of the pocket (DP), insertion loss, bleeding and gingival index were higher in the group DM2 + CP versus groups CP and G (p < 0.001). No difference was found between the groups in TAC. The DM2 + CP group showed a higher concentration of carbonylated proteins versus group G (p = 0.03). DP correlated directly with LDL in the DM2 + CP group (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The carbonylated proteins in the DM2 + CP group showed a significant difference, indicating the synergistic oxidative damage of both pathologies. The concentration of TAC tends to rise in the DM2 + CP group, probably as a compensatory mechanism in search of the restoration of homeostasis (AU)

Changes in circulating levels of carboxymethyllysine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and inflammation markers in women during normal pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the circulating levels of insulin, Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in maternal and umbilical cord blood in a cohort of healthy women with normal pregnancy.Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal study in a group of women (n = 31; age range 18-39 years) with healthy pregnancy starting at 30 weeks of gestation and finishing at the time of delivery. We collected weight and height in the participants and their neonates and calculated body mass index (BMI). Blood from each patient was collected at 30th week of pregnancy and at delivery when a sample of cord blood was also obtained. Glucose, lipid profile, CML, sRAGE, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), highly sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsPCR), and insulin were determined. The study was approved by the University of Guanajuato Institutional Ethics Committee.Results: All pregnancies reached term (mean gestational time 38.9 ± 0.83 weeks) and there were no maternal complications. Mean age was 27.6 years. Lipid profile values were higher in the group compared with our values in nonpregnant women. During pregnancy, levels of insulin increased (p < .0006), CML (p < .0001) and sRAGE (p < .01) decreased, levels of MDA did not change, while those of TNF-α and hsPCR tended to increase. In the neonates, we found lower levels of CML (p < .003), hsPCR (p < .004), and insulin (p < .004) and higher levels of sRAGE (p < .013) and TNF-α (p < .022) compared to their mothers at delivery. In the total group, we found association of CML of the mother at baseline with the CML (p < .0006) and MDA (p < .002) in neonates, while maternal sRAGE at the end of pregnancy was associated with CML (p < .004) of their neonates.Conclusions: Our study confirms that normal pregnancy is accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) and significant increase in lipid profile, and demonstrates that circulating levels of CML and sRAGE decreased significantly at the end of pregnancy. The lack of association between the course of insulin levels and those of CML probably results from the predominant role of placental factors in the pathogenesis of IR in pregnancy. sRAGE levels in the neonates are markedly increased compared to their mothers suggesting a placental origin of this compound which may have a protective effect on the fetus since sRAGE restricts Advanced glycation end product (AGE) effects and may exert anti-inflammatory effects.

Correlation between interleukin-1ß and matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels in crevicular fluid with a proposed periodontal disease index in children.

BACKGROUND: The crevicular fluid contains biomarkers that allow the identification of periodontal disease, anticipation of its risk, and prediction of its progression. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to correlate interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels in crevicular fluid with periodontal disease severity in schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 82 schoolchildren between 9 and 12 years. The biofilm percentage, attachment level, gingival recession, dental calculus, and bleeding on probing were measured in the teeth 16, 26, 36, 41, and 46. These five parameters obtained were considered to propose a disease score between 0 and 10 points. In crevicular fluid from the tooth with the highest score, IL-1ß and MMP-1 levels were measured. RESULTS: According to the proposed score, mild gingivitis was identified in 20 schoolchildren, moderate gingivitis in 30, and severe gingivitis in 32. Biofilm percentage, IL-1ß, and MMP-1 levels increased as the severity of the disease increase. The mean and 95% confidence interval were 23.2 pg/µl (18.6-27.7), 37.3 pg/µl (27.8-46.9), and 44.6 pg/µl (34.4-58.8) (P = 0.01) for IL-1ß and 2.69 mol/min (2.51-2.87), 4.43 mol/min (3.9-4.95), and 5.59 mol/min (4.81-6.38) (P < 0.001) for MMP-1 in each group, respectively. The proposed clinical score correlated with biofilm percentage (r = 0.63), IL-1ß (r = 0.50), and MMP-1 (0.45) levels, P < 0.001 in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed clinical score for periodontal disease in children correlated with percentage of biofilm, IL-1ß, and MMP-1 levels.